Nitrogen contribution by multipurpose trees to rice and cowpea in an alley cropping system in Sierra Leone

In an alley cropping experiment, a study was carried out on N₂ fixation by Gliricidia sepium, nitrogen (N) accumulation by prunings of Gliricidia, Senna siamea (formerly Cassia siamea) and Gmelina arborea, and the N contribution to associated crops of rice and cowpea.Total N accumulated by the hedgerow trees ranged from 297–524 kg N ha^–1 on average but varied between tree species and depended on the growing season. Gliricidia sepium accumulated 370 kg N ha^–1 on average and more than half of this came from fixation. Senna siamea and Gmelina arborea served as reference trees for estimating N₂ fixation. The estimates of N₂ fixation using Gmelina as a reference gave higher estimates than those using Senna.Although the dry matter and nitrogen yields of prunings from the hedgerow trees were high, their relative nitrogen contribution to the associated crops was generally low ranging from 5 to 29%. Higher crop yields and nitrogen contribution were observed with Gliricidia sepium prunings. The low N contribution from prunings was attributed to the lack of synchronization between the N released from the prunings and the crop's demand for N.     

巨桉优良无性系组培及区域试验

通过对巨桉11个优良无性系组培快繁研究,结果表明,巨桉外植体诱导以B1为基本培养基添加激素BA 0.4 mg.L-1和NAA 0.1～0.5 mg.L-1,诱导外植体最佳,诱导率可达79%以上;丛芽苗增殖调节培养基中激素浓度和基本培养中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe的浓度配比使其芽体健壮,加快繁殖速度;生根培养以B2为基本培养基添加ABT 0.5 mg.L-1+IBA0.1～0.5 mg.L-1生根率可达80%以上;组培苗移栽基质选用泥炭土和竹炭肥,成活率达90%以上。区域试验表明:巨桉是较理想的速生耐寒桉树树种,可耐寒-4℃左右。     

试论西部地区生态科技产业的构建

文章根据西部地区的特点和生态建设的性质 ,提出创新产业机制 ,挖掘人才 ,以生物高科技为核心技术 ,充分应用现代农业技术 ,构建生态科技产业的途径。提高西部风蚀沙化地的利用水平 ,促进产业结构调整 ,加快区域特色经济的产业化进程 ,实现本地区可持续发展。     

Safeguarding Capability Index System of Regional Sustainable Development

According to the new requirement of sustainable development in the new stage, this paper puts forward the definition of the safeguarding capacity of regional sustainable development and uses some statistical methods of frequency statistics and principal component analysis to construct the index system of safeguarding capacity. Then it takes the data of the Three Gorges reservoir area for example to make empirical analysis, and provides efficient measurement tools to further measure the regional sustainability together with its safeguarding capacity, and therefore helps the government and the relevant organizations to establish more scientific policies of sustainable development.     

Performance Analysis of MIPv4 Regional Registration Combined with Low Latency Handoffs

The mechanism of MIPv4 regional registration and the low latency handoff protocols are introduced. Ways and procedure of pre-registration handoff and post-registration handoff are discussed also. The authors analyze the performance of the low latency handoff protocols combined with low latency handoffs over a wireless access based on IEEE 802. 11 standard in a tree-like network topology. The performance of pre-registration and post-registration scheme is given by simulation.     

Effect of Timing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.). I. Growth Dynamics and Seed Yield

The field experiments conducted on the grey‐brown podzolic soil in the four growing seasons (1998–2001) at Krzeslice Farm, central‐western Poland comprised seven fertilization variants: 80_NF + 80_CAN; 80_CAN + 80_CAN; 80_AN + 80_AN; 80_NF + 50_CAN + 30_CN; 80_CAN + 50_CAN +30_CN; 80_AN + 50_AN + 30_CN (where NF – nitrofos NPK; CAN – calcium‐ammonium nitrate; AN – ammonium nitrate; CN – calcium nitrate) and control (without N) applied in split rates at the beginning of spring regrowth (80 kg N ha^?1), stem elongation (80 or 50) and flower buds visible stages (30). The yielding effect of tested fertilization variants was significant in comparison with the control (2.24 t ha^?1). The highest mean seed yield (3.64 t ha^?1) was collected from 80_AN + 80_AN and 80_CAN + 80_CAN variants. Mean values of 4 years indicate that the second N rate division (80 + 50 + 30) decreased yield, although not significantly in comparison with these two N treatments. Plants grown on these treatments have developed different patterns of growth to yield the seeds. These patterns were characterized by very high crop growth rate during flowering (above 21 g m^?2 day^?1) and negative at maturation (down to ?2.5 g m^?2 day^?1). Plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate (80_AN + 80_AN) reached maximum growth rate earlier (65 days), which lasted longer (20 days) than plants fertilized with calcium‐ammonium nitrate (71 days lasting 17.5 days). Plants grown on the control treatment reached the highest crop growth rate within 79 days (14.8 g m^?2 day^?1), which lasted 15 days.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Winston Halapua, Living on the fringe: Melanesians of Fiji Patrick Fuery and Nick Mansfield, Cultural Studies and Critical Theory Keith Chambers and Anne Chambers, Unity of Heart. Culture and Change in a Polynesian Atoll Society Alice Aruhe’eta Pollard, Givers of Wisdom, Labourers without Gain: Essays on Women in Solomon Islands Prema–chandra Athukorala, Chris Manning and Piyasiri Wickramasekara, Growth, Employment and Migration in Southeast Asia: Structural Change in the Greater Mekong Countries Edvard Hviding and Tim Bayliss–Smith, Islands of Rainforest: Agroforestry, Logging and Eco–tourism in Solomon Islands     

对口支援促进西部高校发展的实践与探索——以受援高校新疆农业大学为例

＂对口支援西部地区高等学校计划＂是促进教育区域协调发展的重要措施,是具有中国特色的促进欠发达地区教育发展的模式之一。通过对口支援,新疆农业大学在教学、科研、师资队伍建设等方面均取得了长足发展。新疆农业大学和支援高校间的援助实践表明,推动对口支援工作深入开展,需要提高思想认识,健全考核评价机制,形成支、受援高校双赢的长效机制,设立对口支援专项资金,发挥受援学校所在地行政部门的作用。     

陕西渭北旱原苹果种植区划与产业发展战略

通过生产典型调研、统计数据分析与ArcGIS数据处理,得出渭北旱原苹果业发展成就与存在问题,突出表现为果园土壤干燥化严重,水利设施发展不足,种植区域布局不够明确,品种结构不合理,果品加工贮销企业规模小,果业产业化水平偏低,苹果产业社会化服务体系尚不健全等问题。在现有地形、植被、气象等资料的基础上提出将渭北旱原苹果种植区可分为西部山地沟壑中晚熟苹果区(Ⅰ区)、中部残原沟壑中晚熟苹果区(Ⅱ区)、北部高原沟壑晚熟苹果区(Ⅲ区)和东部台原沟壑中晚熟苹果区(Ⅳ区)等4个功能区域。在功能划分的基础上,"十二五"期间渭北旱原苹果产业发展战略措施概况为:优化生产布局、调整品种结构,扩大绿色果品基地规模,高海拔地区以晚熟品种苹果为主,低海拔地区重点发展中早熟及加工鲜食兼用品种;通过树立可持续发展理念,加强新技术推广力度,推进"果畜"结合,培育加工和贮销龙头企业,组建专业合作组织,开拓国内国际销售市场等手段建立市场化长效机制,提升苹果产业化程度。     

浅谈农业区域规划图件的设计

概括了农业区域规划图件的设计原则、思路、编制内容和技术支持,并以天津滨海观赏鱼科技园区总体规划和北辰现代农业总体规划为例,对此类规划的图件设计进行了简要分析,提出进一步提高图件设计水平的几点建议。